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Pride
In Millers The Crucible, a major them is pride, among others. Most of the characters in Millers play are quite selfish. Few, however, learn and display self-dignity, which is a virtue of pride. An example of this is John Proctor and the climax of the play. When Proctor confesses to be a ¡§lechery¡¨ he puts justice ahead of everything, even if it means disgracing his name. Pride can also be seen in such scenes as that of Giles Corey and his comment to the court. When Danforth complements Giles on his deposition, Giles ¡§very pleased (replies) ¡¥I have the best sir ¡V I am thirty three time in court in my life¡¨ showing how proud Giles is of his accomplishments. Some characters are blinded by how proud they are. Reverend Hale, having so much pride and conviction in the works he does, is blinded, until between Act II and Act III. The reader can see this change from the lines, ¡§Hale ¡¥¡KI ¡K examined Tituba, Sarah Good, and numerous others that have confessed to dealing with the Devil¡K Proctor And why not, if they must hang for denyin it?¡K have you never thought of that? Hale ¡¥I have...It is his own suspicion, but he resists it¡K¡¨ because of the pride Hale has for his work. The theme of pride is a dominant one in Millers The Crucible and is shown throughout his play.
Revenge
A prevailing theme in The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is revenge. The Salem witch trials were fueled by revenge. Only very few characters discover this. Giles Corey is one of these lucky men and tries to reveal this to everyone in his deposition in which Danforth says ¡§¡¥Mr. Putnam, I have here an accusation by Mr. Corey against you. He states that you coldly prompted your daughter to cry witchery upon George Jacobs that is not in jail.¡¨ Here Giles is telling the court and the readers what is going on here. Giles is saying that all these accusations of witchcraft are nonsense and that people are accusing people out of revenge. Another more prominent example is that of Abigail and Elizabeth Proctor. Abigail accuses Elizabeth of witchcraft and as John Proctor says, ¡§She thinks to dance with me on my wifes grave! ¡K But it is a whores vengeance, and you must see it¡¨. In this example, John Proctor sacrifices his good name to show that Abigail is ¡§crying witchcraft¡¨ out of revenge. The theme of revenge is yet another main theme in Millers The Crucible and is what fuels the Salem trials.
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Fear
Fear is, definitely, a central them early in the play as well as throughout it. In fact the whole Salem trials started out of fear. As the reader, one can see this in the very first act when Tituba says, ¡§I dont compact with no Devil! ¡K Parris ¡¥You will confess yourself or I will take you out and whip you to your death, Tituba!¡¨ Right here, in this scene one can see how much fear Tituba is feeling. She then confesses out of fear for her life. This happens throughout the story, people confess, confess to lies, just to save their life. Other instances are when John Proctor refuses to tell, including his wife, that he was alone with Abigail out of fear for his reputation and fear of telling his wife. ¡§How I may prove what she told me ¡K if the girl is a saint now ¡K it is not easy to prove shes fraud ¡K she told it to me in a room alone ¡V I have no proof of it. If John Proctor had confessed earlier maybe the trials would have ended earlier, and blackened Abigails image, but then that would defeat the purpose that Miller intended. Fear is what the Salem Witch Trials thrive upon and it is fear that made it last so long. The theme of fear is a very influential in developing characters, plot and basically everything in Millers The Crucible.
Authority
The theme of authority plays a key part in Millers The Crucible. The witch trials empower several characters in the play who were previously marginalized in Salem society. In general, women occupy the lowest rung of male-dominated Salem and have few options in life. They work as servants for townsmen until they are old enough to be married off and have children of their own. In addition to being thus restricted, Abigail is also slave to John Proctors sexual whims¡Vhe strips away her innocence when he commits adultery with her, and he arouses her spiteful jealousy when he terminates their affair. Because the Puritans greatest fear is the defiance of God, Abigails accusations of witchcraft and devil-worship immediately command the attention of the court. By aligning herself, in the eyes of others, with Gods will, she gains power over society, as do the other girls in her pack, and her word becomes virtually unassailable, as do theirs. Tituba, whose status is lower than that of anyone else in the play by virtue of the fact that she is black, manages similarly to deflect blame from herself by accusing others. Danforth summarizes how authority is a key part of this play by saying, You must understand, ¡K a person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there be no road between.¡¨
Puritan Ethics
The Crucible, by Arthur Miller is set in a theocratic society, in which the church and the state are one, and the religion is a strict, austere form of Protestantism known as Puritanism. It is because of this that the theme of Puritan ethics plays such a key part of the story. It is because of the theocratic nature of the society, moral laws and state laws being one and the same sin and the status of an individuals soul are matters of public concern. There is no room for deviation from social norms, since any individual whose private life doesnt conform to the established moral laws represents a threat not only to the public good but also to the rule of God and true religion. An example of this is when Parris says, ¡§There is either obedience or the church will burn like hell is burning.!¡¨ In Salem, everything and everyone belongs to either God or the Devil; dissent is not merely unlawful, it is associated with satanic activity. It is this paradoxical functions that is the underlying logic behind the witch trials. As Danforth says in Act III, a person is either with this court or he must be counted against it. The witch trials are the ultimate expression of intolerance and hanging witches is the ultimate means of restoring the communitys purity.
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