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Racism and the Ku Klux Klan

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Since the early development of society in the United States,


racism has always been a divisive issue faced by communities on a


political level. Our country was built from the immigration of people


from an international array of backgrounds. However, multitudes of Help with essay on Racism and the Ku Klux Klan


white supremacists blame their personal as well as economic


misfortunes on an abundance of ethnic groups. African-Americans, Jews


and Catholics are only some of the of groups tormented by these white


supremacists. As the amount of ethnic diversity gradually increased in


the political systems of Louisiana and the United States,


organizations rapidly formed to challenge the new ethnic variation in


government. The Ku Klux Klan is one of these groups that were formed


by people who were angered by the increase of diversity in political


office and in the workplace. Local and state officials that were


members of the Klan aided in providing influence, money, and


information to the racist organization. As the civil rights movement


became accepted, it seemed as if the power of racist organizations


deteriorated. However, with the Klan demanding freedom of speech, with


political figures related to the Ku Klux Klan still bringing prejudice


to politics throughout the country, and with multitudes of


African-American churches being burned to the ground, it seems as if


the Ku Klux Klan is still a threat to the citizens of this country.


The Ku Klux Klan has played a major role in United States


history. As the south was undergoing the era of Reconstruction after


the Civil War, the votes of newly emancipated black Southerners put


the Republicans in power throughout the state. White Southerners


resorted to brute force to preserve the white supremacy they once had.


The Klan was originally arranged into secret societies that terrorized


local white and black Republican leaders. They also threatened all


African Americans who violated the old ideas of black inferiority.


Sworn to secrecy, its members wore white robes and masks and adopted


the burning cross as their symbol. The Klan members seemed to be most


active during election campaigns, when they would either scare people


into voting for their candidate or get rid their opponents entirely.


They were noticed for their horrible acts of violence that they called


nighttime rides. These attacks included murder, rape, beatings, and


warnings and were designed to overcome Republican majorities in the


south. Due to the fear of a race war, state officials were unable to


suppress the violence. Law enforcement officials were Klan members


themselves and even when the law officers were legitimate, Klan


members also sat on juries where criminally accused members were often


acquitted.(Harrel,47-5)


The Klan was popularized through literature and film in the


early nineteenth century. Its influence spread with help from Thomas


B. Dixons The Clansman (105) and D.W. Griffiths movie The Birth of


a Nation (115). (Harrel, 85) Harrel felt that this eventually led to


the establishment of a new Ku Klux Klan, which spread throughout the


nation and preached anti-Catholic, anti-Jewish, anti-black,


antisocialist, and anti-labor-union Americanism (87). Harrel stated


that the Klans two million adherents exercised great political power,


often taking the law into their own hands, mobs of white-robed,


white-hooded men punished immorality and terrorized un-American


elements (88).


The Klan erupted as a secret organization employing its


secrecy to mislead the public and inquiring newspapers. Therefore,


they were labeled the invisible empire. Harrel urges the idea that in


certain regions the Klan did not have enough influence to become


politically triumphant (07).


But where it was strong the Invisible Empire elected scores


of local officials, state legislators, a few governors, several


national representatives, including Earle B. Mayfield of


Texas, William J. Harris of Georgia, and Hugo Black of


Alabama, to the United States Senate. (Harrel, 07)


The Klan was extremely hungry for political gain. The best way


to promote the growth of an organization of this sort would be the


expansion of a network with prominent political and investment


resources.


The limitation of immigration, maintenance of national


prohibition, restriction of the political influence of the


Catholic Church and minority groups, clean government,


and maintenance of community morals, were goals


which violence and intimidation alone could not achieve.


(Harrel, 05)


It is seemed necessary that in order to have a prosperous


organization, the Klan would have to infiltrate the political offices


held by the liberals. This is a task easier said than done.


The Invisible Empire excluded from membership, and


thus insulted, Catholics, Jews, Negroes, and the


foreign born, groups which totaled forty per cent of


Americas population during the twenties...


Despite the fact that Klansmen looked upon the


groups they excluded from membership as second


class citizens, Americas minority groups together


constituted a potentially powerful voting bloc which


could grind the Klan under if sufficiently aroused.


(Harrel, 05)


An effort to enlist officials with both local and state


authority was adopted in this state of Louisiana from successful


attempts in Atlanta. They first enrolled the Adjutant General of the


State of Louisiana, L.A. Toombs, and then inducted several members


of the state legislature, a number of local and district judges,


sheriffs, district attorneys, and police officers. (Harrel, 0)


The idea of public officials having involvement in the Ku Klux


Klan is frightening, and still today it is present. In the early


decades of the nineteenth century people were not sensible in their


views of society as they are now. In present time people are more open


minded, racism does exist, but it is totally unacceptable for society


to tolerate bigotry from a political figure. A native of Louisiana,


David Duke has been a considerably active politician. As Duke


introduces a broad political campaign he does not leave behind his


ties to bigotry. Still affiliated with white supremacist groups Duke


has been convicted of inciting to riot.. (Lousisianas... 7). His


history has linked him to a variety of neo-nazi organizations. As a


member of the KKK at Louisiana State University, where he received his


BA in history in 174, he became an enthusiastic admirer of Adolph


Hitler, and by 175, he had risen to grand wizard of the Louisiana Ku


Klux Klan (Mackenzie, 40). Duke was always searching for a different


approach to express his ideas. Methods of the Klan were no longer


effective in stopping civil rights as they were in the sixties


(Mackenzie,40). Duke quit the Klan in 180, and founded the National


Association for the Advancement of White People (Mackenzie,40). Duke


broke into the national spotlight in 187, when he was elected to the


Louisiana House of Representatives, from the district of Jefferson


Parish. While serving his term as a state legislator, he was caught


selling Nazi books from his legislative office. One of them, Did Six


Million Really Die? attempts to discredit the Holocaust (Turque 5).


Duke then made an attempt to unseat J. Bennett Johnston from his


position in the United States Senate in 10. He gave Johnston quite a


scare, forcing a run off election and receiving almost forty percent


of the vote in that election. Encouraged by that performance, Duke


gave up his House seat to run for governor. Even though his strategy


was hardly original, he managed to rally an entire campaign around the


folklore that welfare spending was responsible for high taxes and


blacks were taking away jobs from whites. Yet, in reality, the total


outlay on aid to families with dependent children amounted to less


than two percent of the entire state budget. He received thirty-two


percent of the primary vote, which was enough to knock-off incumbent


Buddy Roemer, who received twenty-nine percent, and get in a run-off


with Edwin Edwards, who led with thirty-five percent. During this


runoff, Duke received most of his media attention as he appeared


numerous times on CNN and other political shows. Duke still lost the


runoff to Edwards in 11, yet he decided he would shoot for the White


House the following year. But when Pat Buchannan entered the election,


Duke lost the ultra-conservative, angry white male vote he was to


capitalize on. Racism in the United States is outlined in elections of


characters like David Duke. The Rev. Jesse L. Jackson recently


condemned former Ku Klux Klan Wizard David Dukes election to the


Louisiana House of Representatives, calling it the result of a


national problem of racism and one the entire nation has to deal


with (Duke election... 7). It is the cooperation of leaders nation


wide that use basis of moral understanding in striving to erase bias


especially in politics.


Today, the Ku Klux Klan does not just threaten minority groups


on the political level. Nearly 100 African-American churches have been


burned to the ground in the past year in a half. While some arrests


made have not linked the Klan with the fires, many have. Two South


Carolina Klan members have been arrested for burglarizing and setting


ablaze two churches, the Mount Zion African Methodist Episcopal of


Greeleyville and the Macedonia Baptist church of Bloomville. The two


men, Timothy Welch and Gary Cox, had attended a Klan meeting only


weeks before the fires. Welch was arrested with his Ku Klux Klan


identification card in his wallet. The other, Gary Cox, lived with


another Klan member in a trailer. When a local newspaper asked Welchs


mother to comment on what her son did, she replied, Those boys felt


the blessing of the Klan...They take these young country boys who


dont really know a lot and have never been out in the world, and they


corrupt them (Fields, 0 June 16). The two men were not only


charged with theft and arson, but were also charged with the beating


and stabbing of a mentally handicapped black man who was waiting for a


bus outside of a Wal-Mart.


There is also Ernest Pierce and Brian Tackett. Pierce, an


Imperial Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan and farmer, was convicted and


sentenced to 51 months in a federal prison for ordering Tackett to


incinerate the Barren River Baptist Church in Bowling Green, Kentucky.


Tackett, a younger member of the Klan, was sentenced to 115 months for


conspiracy, arson, as well as auto theft, for stealing the car he used


for his nights act. The African-American church arsons is the largest


investigation the Bureau of Alcohol, Tabacco, and Firearms is


conducting; even larger than that of the TWA Flight 800 investigation.


President Clinton signed a bill giving 1 million dollars to the ATF


to investigate the fires. It also happens to be the FBIs largest


civil rights investigation under way. (Fields, 7 Aug. 16)


The Ku Klux Klan is not only a threat politically and


physically, but they also incite riots. In June of last year in


Greenville, Texas, the Klan held a rally in which they waived


Confederate flags and complained about the U.S. government (Taylor).


Michael Lowe a leader in the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan was stated in


saying, It aint about hate, its about white pride (Taylor).


Another member was quoted in saying, It aint the white people, its


the damned government, the Jews, whose bringing this country down. It


aint the white people (Taylor). Over 150 state and local policemen


were present to control the crowd of anti-KKK as well as different KKK


factions. Some policemen were dressed in riot gear, some were on


horseback as they tried to control the mobs behind the barricades set


up along the small towns street.


The United States is known as the melting pot. Since its


beginnings as small settlements, this country has always been a haven


to those who need it. When many think of America they think of the


land of opportunity, the land of the American dream. Where one can, no


matter who they are or where they are from can make it rich. The Ku


Klux Klan is everything the American dream is not. They are a sign of


bigotry and hatred. They have strived for over a hundred years to


shatter the dreams of so many people. Many believe that since the


civil rights movement the KKK is no longer a danger. But, we must not


forget racism and bigotry does not die with an amendment to the


Constitution. There are still people like David Duke in office. There


are still people like Gary Cox setting fires to churches. And there


are still people like Michael Lowe who believe it is the Jews who


bring this country down. We must not forget that the KKK is still


alive, and we, as Americans, should do everything in our power to


protect the American dream.


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