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Measuring Energy Loss During Metabolic Activities
Introduction
All living things need energy to survive. The main source of energy is the sun. First law of thermodynamics states that energy can be changed but it cannot be destroyed. For an organism to obtain energy, an energy transfer must occur. During the energy transfer from a producer to a herbivore waste energy is produced in the form of heat.
The second law of thermodynamics states that during any useful energy change some energy is converted into unusable forms, particularly heat. A producer converts energy from the sun into glucose. The producer then breaks down the glucose to make ATP. When the producer manufactures ATP, energy in the form of heat is produced.
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During germination there are more chemical reactions occurring. A germinating seed converts starch to glucose, and then the glucose is converted to ATP. Because more chemical reactions are occurring more heat is then produced. The purpose of this experiment is to measure energy loss, in the form of heat, in germinating pea seeds.
Procedure
In this experiment, three thermoses were required. All the thermoses were airtight and each contained a thermometer inside. One thermos has nothing in it and was labeled "Control." The second thermos contained dry pea seeds and was labeled "Dry Seeds." The third thermos contained wet pea seeds and was labeled "Wet Seeds." The temperature of each thermos was recorded daily for three consecutive days.
Discussion
During the experiment, energy loss in the form of heat occurred. The temperature in the "Control" thermos, however, did not change. The temperature in the "Dry Seeds" thermos steadily increased. The temperature in the "Wet Seeds" thermos increased rapidly.
The second law of thermodynamics states that during any energy change some of the energy is converted into usable forms, particularly heat. The temperature in the "Wet Seeds" thermos increased rapidly because the germinating pea seeds were converting starch into glucose, and glucose into ATP. Because there were more energy conversions, more heat was produced. The temperature in the "Dry Seeds" thermos steadily increased because there were less energy conversions, thus, less heat was produced. The temperature in the "Control" thermos did not increase because there were no energy conversions, therefore, no heat was produced.
The results are valid because it agrees with the laws of thermodynamics. This experiment shows that the higher the position of an organism on the trophic levels, a lesser amount of usable energy is available.
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