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Kari Fahey
11-04-0
Speech Title "Autism"
Specific Purpose To inform audience about autism, the causes and effects, and possible treatments of Autism.
Thesis Statement Autism is a brain disorder that typically affects a person's ability to communicate, form relationships with others, and respond appropriately to the environment.
Introduction
Paul has always been obsessed with order. As a child, he lined up blocks, straightened chairs, kept is toothbrush in the exact same spot on the sink, and threw a tantrum when anything was moved. Paul could also become aggressive. Sometimes, when upset or anxious, he would suddenly explode, throwing a nearby object or smashing a window. When overwhelmed by noise and confusion, he bit himself or picked at his nails until they bled. At school, where his schedule and environment could carefully be structured, his behavior was more normal. But at home in the unpredictable and noise of a large family, he was often out of control. His behavior made it harder and harder for his parents to care for him at home and also meet their other children's needs. At age , Paul was placed in a residential program where he could receive 4 hour supervision and care. (www.nimh.nih.gov)
Paul's story is a common example of a child suffering with autism. Today I'm going to tell you what autism is, the causes and effects of autism, as well as possible solutions or treatments for this disorder.
Body of Speech
I. Autism is a brain disorder that typically affects a person's ability to communicate, formrelationships with others, and respond appropriately to the environment.
A. Communication is one area affected by Autism.
1. Children with Autism often avoid eye contact.
. Children with Autism often seem deaf.
. Children with Autism start developing language, then stop talking
B. Social Relationships are another area affected by Autism.
1. Children act as if they are unaware of the coming and going of others.
. Children physically attack and injure others without reason.
. "Children seem inaccessible, as if in a shell." (Mrs. Withgrath)
C. The third area affected by Autism is how a child explores his environment.
1. A child with Autism can remain fixated on one item or activity.
. Children with Autism practice strange actions like rocking.
. Children with Autism are also known to sniff or like toys.
II. Autism is caused by abnormalities in the brain structures and functions. (B. Bolton and S. Baron-Cohen)
A. The exact cause for Autism is not exactly sure but we do know that is something to do with abnormalities in the brain.
1. May be caused by cells migrating to wrong places in the brain.
. Pathways between neurons and neurotransmitters may fail to form.
. Heredity and Problems during pregnancy may also play a role in thedevelopment of Autism.
B. Studies are being done to explore many different aspects of the brain of children with Autism compared to children without to hopefully obtain moreinformation.
III. Earlier I told you some symptoms of Autism, however there are also more serious effects than those that I have already announce. (Simpson, R., and Zionts, P)
A. First of all, Autism can cause Mental Retardation.
1. Mental Retardation is the most widespread problem.(www.nimh.nih.gov)
. It is hard to test Iqs of people with Autism. Some areas of ability are normal or even above average, while other areas are weak.
B. Seizures can also be caused from Autism.
1. About 1/ of children with Autism develop seizures.
. In most cases seizures can be controlled with medication.
C. Another disorder that can form is known as Fragile X syndrome.
1. This is mostly common in males and is where the x-chromosome appears pinched and fragile under a microscope.
. People who inherit this are more likely to have mental retardation as
well as unusual physical features.
D. The last disorder associated with Autism is Tuberous Sclerosis.
1. This disorder causes abnormal tissue grown in brain and problems with
other organs.
. This is a very rare disorder.
IV. Today, there are many ways people with Autism can be helped.
(Simpson, R., and Zionts, P)
A. There are many different approaches and therapies for children with Autism.
1. Developmental approach provide a setting with consistency and Structure along with appropriate levels of stimulation.
. The behaviorist approach believes that rewarded a behavior means that
It is more likely for that behavior to be repeated.
B. There are also many support groups one could join.
C. No medications can cure the brain abnormalities, but there are some to help
with the symptoms.
1. Sufferers are often prescribed antidepressant pills such as Prozac.
. Ritalin has also been used in children with autism.
. Basic pain killers are also a major medication take by people with
Autism.
Conclusion
Adolescence was a good time for Paul. He seemed to relax and become more social. He became more affectionate. When approached, he would converse with people. For several months, drugs were used to help him control his aggression, but they were stopped because they caused unwanted side effects. Even so, he now rarely throws or breaks things.
Two years ago, Paul's parents were able to take advantage of new scientific understanding about autism, and they enrolled him in an innovative program that provides full-time support, enabling him to live and work within the community. Today, at age 0, he has closely supervised job assembling booklets for a publishing company. He lives in an attractive apartment with another man who has autism and a residence supervisor. Paul loves picnics and outings to the library to check out books and cassettes. He also enjoys going home each week to visit his family, but he still demands familiarity and order. As soon as he arrives home, he moves every piece of furniture back to the location that is familiar to him. But he has made much progress.
Today I have told you about autism, the causes and effects, and some treatments. I hope that now you have a greater understanding of this disorder.
Bibliography
Baron-Cohen, S., and Bolton, B. Autism The Facts. 1
Simpson, R., and Zionts, P. Autism Information and Resources for Parents, Families, and Professionals. 1.
Withgrath, M. Grandmother of child with autism.
www.nimh.nih.gov Autism National Institue of Mental Health 00
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